MultiActionController is one of the types of Controllers in Spring. It extends AbstractController. (Somewhat similar to DispatchAction in Struts) Why MultiActionController?: It aggregates multiple request handling methods into single controller, so related functionality can be kept together easily.
Spring in the use of the controller, and SimpleFormController AbstractController application is the highest. AbstractController Controller is the most fundamental, and can give users maximum flexibility.
SimpleFormController the typical form for editing and submission. In a growing need, delete, change, the demand for search, add and modify expansion SimpleFormController completed, delete, and for the expansion of AbstractController completed.
Using Spring MultiActionController class you can group related actions into a single controller class. The handler method for each action should be in the following form.
public (ModelAndView | Map | String | void) actionName(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse [,HttpSession] [,CommandObject]);
To group multiple actions your controller class should extend MultiActionController class. Here the UserController class extends the MultiActionController class and contains the add() and the remove() method
However, as the above as a complete object by business, delete, change, examination, and all belong to a class of related businesses. Related to the operation of a distribution to the different classes to complete, breaching the "high cohesion" design principles. This four operational need to complete four categories, resulting in too many types of documents, difficult to maintain and configure.
So Struts from the Spring DispatchAction provides a similar function MultiActionController. Can be achieved at the request of different paths corresponding MultiActionController in different ways, and this can be related to the operation of all the relevant categories in a complete method. This makes this type of "high cohesion", but also conducive to the maintenance of systems, but also to avoid the duplication of code. Increase and revise the operation of data validation logic is very similar, after MultiActionController can use and modify operations to increase sharing of data validation logic code.
Welcome : All open source and All framework details available in this blogs.
SiteMesh
SiteMesh is a web-page layout and decoration framework and web- application integration framework to aid in creating large sites consisting of many pages for which a consistent look/feel, navigation and layout scheme is required.
SiteMesh intercepts requests to any static or dynamically generated HTML page requested through the web-server, parses the page, obtains properties and data from the content and generates an appropriate final page with modifications to the original. This is based upon the well-known GangOfFour Decorator design pattern.
SiteMesh can also include entire HTML pages as a Panel within another page. This is similar to a Server-Side Include, except that the HTML document will be modified to create a visual window (using the document's Meta-data as an aid) within a page. Using this feature, Portal type web sites can be built very quickly and effectively. This is based upon the well-known GangOfFour Composite design pattern.
SiteMesh is built using Java 2 with Servlet, JSP and XML technologies. This makes it ideal for use with J2EE applications, however it can be integrated with server-side web architectures that are not Java based such as CGI (Perl/Python/C/C++/etc), PHP, Cold Fusion, etc...
SiteMesh is very extensible and is designed in a way in which it is easy to extend for custom needs.
reffer this site:http: http://www.opensymphony.com/sitemesh/
SiteMesh intercepts requests to any static or dynamically generated HTML page requested through the web-server, parses the page, obtains properties and data from the content and generates an appropriate final page with modifications to the original. This is based upon the well-known GangOfFour Decorator design pattern.
SiteMesh can also include entire HTML pages as a Panel within another page. This is similar to a Server-Side Include, except that the HTML document will be modified to create a visual window (using the document's Meta-data as an aid) within a page. Using this feature, Portal type web sites can be built very quickly and effectively. This is based upon the well-known GangOfFour Composite design pattern.
SiteMesh is built using Java 2 with Servlet, JSP and XML technologies. This makes it ideal for use with J2EE applications, however it can be integrated with server-side web architectures that are not Java based such as CGI (Perl/Python/C/C++/etc), PHP, Cold Fusion, etc...
SiteMesh is very extensible and is designed in a way in which it is easy to extend for custom needs.
reffer this site:http: http://www.opensymphony.com/sitemesh/
Spring Framework
Spring is an open source framework created to address the complexity of enterprise application development. One of the chief advantages of the Spring framework is its layered architecture, which allows you to be selective about which of its components you use while also providing a cohesive framework for J2EE application development. The Spring modules are built on top of the core container, which defines how beans are created, configured, and managed, as shown in the following figure. Each of the modules (or components) that comprise the Spring framework can stand on its own or be implemented jointly with one or more of the others. The functionality of each component is as follows:
The core container: The core container provides the essential functionality of the Spring framework. A primary component of the core container is the BeanFactory, an implementation of the Factory pattern. The BeanFactory applies the Inversion of Control (IOC) pattern to separate an application’s configuration and dependency specification from the actual application code.
Spring context: The Spring context is a configuration file that provides context information to the Spring framework. The Spring context includes enterprise services such as JNDI, EJB, e-mail, internalization, validation, and scheduling functionality.
Spring AOP: The Spring AOP module integrates aspect-oriented programming functionality directly into the Spring framework, through its configuration management feature. As a result you can easily AOP-enable any object managed by the Spring framework. The Spring AOP module provides transaction management services for objects in any Spring-based application. With Spring AOP you can incorporate declarative transaction management into your applications without relying on EJB components.
Spring DAO: The Spring JDBC DAO abstraction layer offers a meaningful exception hierarchy for managing the exception handling and error messages thrown by different database vendors. The exception hierarchy simplifies error handling and greatly reduces the amount of exception code you need to write, such as opening and closing connections. Spring DAO’s JDBC-oriented exceptions comply to its generic DAO exception hierarchy.
Spring ORM: The Spring framework plugs into several ORM frameworks to provide its Object Relational tool, including JDO, Hibernate, and iBatis SQL Maps. All of these comply to Spring’s generic transaction and DAO exception hierarchies.
Spring Web module: The Web context module builds on top of the application context module, providing contexts for Web-based applications. As a result, the Spring framework supports integration with Jakarta Struts. The Web module also eases the tasks of handling multi-part requests and binding request parameters to domain objects.
Spring MVC framework: The Model-View-Controller (MVC) framework is a full-featured MVC implementation for building Web applications. The MVC framework is highly configurable via strategy interfaces and accommodates numerous view technologies including JSP, Velocity, Tiles, iText, and POI.
Q. What is AOP? How does it relate with IOC? What are different tools to utilize AOP?
A: Aspect-oriented programming, or AOP, is a programming technique that allows programmers to modularize crosscutting concerns, or behavior that cuts across the typical divisions of responsibility, such as logging and transaction management. The core construct of AOP is the aspect, which encapsulates behaviors affecting multiple classes into reusable modules. AOP and IOC are complementary technologies in that both apply a modular approach to complex problems in enterprise application development. In a typical object-oriented development approach you might implement logging functionality by putting logger statements in all your methods and Java classes. In an AOP approach you would instead modularize the logging services and apply them declaratively to the components that required logging. The advantage, of course, is that the Java class doesn't need to know about the existence of the logging service or concern itself with any related code. As a result, application code written using Spring AOP is loosely coupled. The best tool to utilize AOP to its capability is AspectJ. However AspectJ works at he byte code level and you need to use AspectJ compiler to get the aop features built into your compiled code. Nevertheless AOP functionality is fully integrated into the Spring context for transaction management, logging, and various other features. In general any AOP framework control aspects in three possible ways:
Joinpoints: Points in a program's execution. For example, joinpoints could define calls to specific methods in a class
Pointcuts: Program constructs to designate joinpoints and collect specific context at those points
Advices: Code that runs upon meeting certain conditions. For example, an advice could log a message before executing a joinpoint
Q. What are the advantages of spring framework?
A.
1. Spring has layed architecture. Use what you need and leave you don't need now.
2. Spring Enables POJO Programming. There is no behind the scene magic here. POJO programming enables continous integration and testability.
3. Dependency Injection and Inversion of Control Simplifies JDBC (Read the first question.)
4. Open source and no vendor lock-in.
Q. Can you name a tool which could provide the initial ant files and directory structure for a new spring project.
A: Appfuse or equinox.
Q. Explain BeanFactory in spring.
A: Bean factory is an implementation of the factory design pattern and its function is to create and dispense beans. As the bean factory knows about many objects within an application, it is able to create association between collaborating objects as they are instantiated. This removes the burden of configuration from the bean and the client. There are several implementation of BeanFactory. The most useful one is "org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanFactory" It loads its beans based on the definition contained in an XML file. To create an XmlBeanFactory, pass a InputStream to the constructor. The resource will provide the XML to the factory. BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(new FileInputStream("myBean.xml"));
This line tells the bean factory to read the bean definition from the XML file. The bean definition includes the description of beans and their properties. But the bean factory doesn't instantiate the bean yet. To retrieve a bean from a 'BeanFactory', the getBean() method is called. When getBean() method is called, factory will instantiate the bean and begin setting the bean's properties using dependency injection. myBean bean1 = (myBean)factory.getBean("myBean");
Q. Explain the role of ApplicationContext in spring.
A. While Bean Factory is used for simple applications, the Application Context is spring's more advanced container. Like 'BeanFactory' it can be used to load bean definitions, wire beans together and dispense beans upon request. It also provide
1) a means for resolving text messages, including support for internationalization.
2) a generic way to load file resources.
3) events to beans that are registered as listeners.
Because of additional functionality, 'Application Context' is preferred over a BeanFactory. Only when the resource is scarce like mobile devices, 'BeanFactory' is used. The three commonly used implementation of 'Application Context' are
1. ClassPathXmlApplicationContext : It Loads context definition from an XML file located in the classpath, treating context definitions as classpath resources. The application context is loaded from the application's classpath by using the code
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
2. FileSystemXmlApplicationContext : It loads context definition from an XML file in the filesystem. The application context is loaded from the file system by using the code
ApplicationContext context = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
3. XmlWebApplicationContext : It loads context definition from an XML file contained within a web application.
Q. How does Spring supports DAO in hibernate?
A. Spring’s HibernateDaoSupport class is a convenient super class for Hibernate DAOs. It has handy methods you can call to get a Hibernate Session, or a SessionFactory. The most convenient method is getHibernateTemplate(), which returns a HibernateTemplate. This template wraps Hibernate checked exceptions with runtime exceptions, allowing your DAO interfaces to be Hibernate exception-free.
Example:
public class UserDAOHibernate extends HibernateDaoSupport {
public User getUser(Long id) {
return (User) getHibernateTemplate().get(User.class, id);
}
public void saveUser(User user) {
getHibernateTemplate().saveOrUpdate(user);
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(“userId set to: “ + user.getID());
}
}
public void removeUser(Long id) {
Object user = getHibernateTemplate().load(User.class, id);
getHibernateTemplate().delete(user);
}
}
Q. What are the id generator classes in hibernate?
A: increment: It generates identifiers of type long, short or int that are unique only when no other process is inserting data into the same table. It should not the used in the clustered environment.
identity: It supports identity columns in DB2, MySQL, MS SQL Server, Sybase and HypersonicSQL. The returned identifier is of type long, short or int.
sequence: The sequence generator uses a sequence in DB2, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SAP DB, McKoi or a generator in Interbase. The returned identifier is of type long, short or int
hilo: The hilo generator uses a hi/lo algorithm to efficiently generate identifiers of type long, short or int, given a table and column (by default hibernate_unique_key and next_hi respectively) as a source of hi values. The hi/lo algorithm generates identifiers that are unique only for a particular database. Do not use this generator with connections enlisted with JTA or with a user-supplied connection.
seqhilo: The seqhilo generator uses a hi/lo algorithm to efficiently generate identifiers of type long, short or int, given a named database sequence.
uuid: The uuid generator uses a 128-bit UUID algorithm to generate identifiers of type string, unique within a network (the IP address is used). The UUID is encoded as a string of hexadecimal digits of length 32.
guid: It uses a database-generated GUID string on MS SQL Server and MySQL.
native: It picks identity, sequence or hilo depending upon the capabilities of the underlying database.
assigned: lets the application to assign an identifier to the object before save() is called. This is the default strategy if no element is specified.
select: retrieves a primary key assigned by a database trigger by selecting the row by some unique key and retrieving the primary key value.
foreign: uses the identifier of another associated object. Usually used in conjunction with a primary key association.
Q. How is a typical spring implementation look like?
A. For a typical Spring Application we need the following files
1. An interface that defines the functions.
2. An Implementation that contains properties, its setter and getter methods, functions etc.,
3. A XML file called Spring configuration file.
4. Client program that uses the function.
Q. How do you define hibernate mapping file in spring?
A. Add the hibernate mapping file entry in mapping resource inside Spring’s applicationContext.xml file in the web/WEB-INF directory.
Q. How do you configure spring in a web application?
A. It is very easy to configure any J2EE-based web application to use Spring. At the very least, you can simply add Spring’s ContextLoaderListener to your web.xml file:
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
Q. Can you have xyz.xml file instead of applicationcontext.xml?
A. ContextLoaderListener is a ServletContextListener that initializes when your webapp starts up. By default, it looks for Spring’s configuration file at WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml. You can change this default value by specifying a element named “contextConfigLocation.” Example:
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
contextConfigLocation /WEB-INF/xyz.xml
Q. How do you configure your database driver in spring?
A. Using datasource "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource". Example:
org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver
jdbc:hsqldb:db/appfuse
sa
Q. How can you configure JNDI instead of datasource in spring applicationcontext.xml?
A. Using "org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean". Example:
java:comp/env/jdbc/appfuse
Q. What are the key benifits of Hibernate?
A: These are the key benifits of Hibernate:
* Transparent persistence based on POJOs without byte code processing
* Powerful object-oriented hibernate query language
* Descriptive O/R Mapping through mapping file.
* Automatic primary key generation
* Hibernate cache : Session Level, Query and Second level cache.
* Performance: Lazy initialization, Outer join fetching, Batch fetching
Q. What is hibernate session and session factory? How do you configure sessionfactory in spring configuration file?
A. Hibernate Session is the main runtime interface between a Java application and Hibernate. SessionFactory allows applications to create hibernate session by reading hibernate configurations file hibernate.cfg.xml.
// Initialize the Hibernate environment
Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
// Create the session factory
SessionFactory factory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
// Obtain the new session object
Session session = factory.openSession();
The call to Configuration().configure() loads the hibernate.cfg.xml configuration file and initializes the Hibernate environment. Once the configuration is initialized, you can make any additional modifications you desire programmatically. However, you must make these modifications prior to creating the SessionFactory instance. An instance of SessionFactory is typically created once and used to create all sessions related to a given context.
The main function of the Session is to offer create, read and delete operations for instances of mapped entity classes. Instances may exist in one of three states:
transient: never persistent, not associated with any Session
persistent: associated with a unique Session
detached: previously persistent, not associated with any Session
A Hibernate Session object represents a single unit-of-work for a given data store and is opened by a SessionFactory instance. You must close Sessions when all work for a transaction is completed. The following illustrates a typical Hibernate session:
Session session = null;
UserInfo user = null;
Transaction tx = null;
try {
session = factory.openSession();
tx = session.beginTransaction();
user = (UserInfo)session.load(UserInfo.class, id);
tx.commit();
} catch(Exception e) {
if (tx != null) {
try {
tx.rollback();
} catch (HibernateException e1) {
throw new DAOException(e1.toString()); }
} throw new DAOException(e.toString());
} finally {
if (session != null) {
try {
session.close();
} catch (HibernateException e) { }
}
}
Q. What is the difference between hibernate get and load methods?
A. The load() method is older; get() was added to Hibernate’s API due to user request. The difference is trivial:
The following Hibernate code snippet retrieves a User object from the database: User user = (User) session.get(User.class, userID);
The get() method is special because the identifier uniquely identifies a single instance of a class. Hence it’s common for applications to use the identifier as a convenient handle to a persistent object. Retrieval by identifier can use the cache when retrieving an object, avoiding a database hit if the object is already cached.
Hibernate also provides a load() method: User user = (User) session.load(User.class, userID);
If load() can’t find the object in the cache or database, an exception is thrown. The load() method never returns null. The get() method returns
null if the object can’t be found. The load() method may return a proxy instead of a real persistent instance. A proxy is a placeholder instance of a runtime-generated subclass (through cglib or Javassist) of a mapped persistent class, it can initialize itself if any method is called that is not the mapped database identifier getter-method. On the other hand, get() never returns a proxy. Choosing between get() and load() is easy: If you’re certain the persistent object exists, and nonexistence would be considered exceptional, load() is a good option. If you aren’t certain there is a persistent instance with the given
identifier, use get() and test the return value to see if it’s null. Using load() has a further implication: The application may retrieve a valid reference (a proxy) to a
persistent instance without hitting the database to retrieve its persistent state. So load() might not throw an exception when it doesn’t find the persistent object
in the cache or database; the exception would be thrown later, when the proxy is accessed.
The core container: The core container provides the essential functionality of the Spring framework. A primary component of the core container is the BeanFactory, an implementation of the Factory pattern. The BeanFactory applies the Inversion of Control (IOC) pattern to separate an application’s configuration and dependency specification from the actual application code.
Spring context: The Spring context is a configuration file that provides context information to the Spring framework. The Spring context includes enterprise services such as JNDI, EJB, e-mail, internalization, validation, and scheduling functionality.
Spring AOP: The Spring AOP module integrates aspect-oriented programming functionality directly into the Spring framework, through its configuration management feature. As a result you can easily AOP-enable any object managed by the Spring framework. The Spring AOP module provides transaction management services for objects in any Spring-based application. With Spring AOP you can incorporate declarative transaction management into your applications without relying on EJB components.
Spring DAO: The Spring JDBC DAO abstraction layer offers a meaningful exception hierarchy for managing the exception handling and error messages thrown by different database vendors. The exception hierarchy simplifies error handling and greatly reduces the amount of exception code you need to write, such as opening and closing connections. Spring DAO’s JDBC-oriented exceptions comply to its generic DAO exception hierarchy.
Spring ORM: The Spring framework plugs into several ORM frameworks to provide its Object Relational tool, including JDO, Hibernate, and iBatis SQL Maps. All of these comply to Spring’s generic transaction and DAO exception hierarchies.
Spring Web module: The Web context module builds on top of the application context module, providing contexts for Web-based applications. As a result, the Spring framework supports integration with Jakarta Struts. The Web module also eases the tasks of handling multi-part requests and binding request parameters to domain objects.
Spring MVC framework: The Model-View-Controller (MVC) framework is a full-featured MVC implementation for building Web applications. The MVC framework is highly configurable via strategy interfaces and accommodates numerous view technologies including JSP, Velocity, Tiles, iText, and POI.
Q. What is AOP? How does it relate with IOC? What are different tools to utilize AOP?
A: Aspect-oriented programming, or AOP, is a programming technique that allows programmers to modularize crosscutting concerns, or behavior that cuts across the typical divisions of responsibility, such as logging and transaction management. The core construct of AOP is the aspect, which encapsulates behaviors affecting multiple classes into reusable modules. AOP and IOC are complementary technologies in that both apply a modular approach to complex problems in enterprise application development. In a typical object-oriented development approach you might implement logging functionality by putting logger statements in all your methods and Java classes. In an AOP approach you would instead modularize the logging services and apply them declaratively to the components that required logging. The advantage, of course, is that the Java class doesn't need to know about the existence of the logging service or concern itself with any related code. As a result, application code written using Spring AOP is loosely coupled. The best tool to utilize AOP to its capability is AspectJ. However AspectJ works at he byte code level and you need to use AspectJ compiler to get the aop features built into your compiled code. Nevertheless AOP functionality is fully integrated into the Spring context for transaction management, logging, and various other features. In general any AOP framework control aspects in three possible ways:
Joinpoints: Points in a program's execution. For example, joinpoints could define calls to specific methods in a class
Pointcuts: Program constructs to designate joinpoints and collect specific context at those points
Advices: Code that runs upon meeting certain conditions. For example, an advice could log a message before executing a joinpoint
Q. What are the advantages of spring framework?
A.
1. Spring has layed architecture. Use what you need and leave you don't need now.
2. Spring Enables POJO Programming. There is no behind the scene magic here. POJO programming enables continous integration and testability.
3. Dependency Injection and Inversion of Control Simplifies JDBC (Read the first question.)
4. Open source and no vendor lock-in.
Q. Can you name a tool which could provide the initial ant files and directory structure for a new spring project.
A: Appfuse or equinox.
Q. Explain BeanFactory in spring.
A: Bean factory is an implementation of the factory design pattern and its function is to create and dispense beans. As the bean factory knows about many objects within an application, it is able to create association between collaborating objects as they are instantiated. This removes the burden of configuration from the bean and the client. There are several implementation of BeanFactory. The most useful one is "org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanFactory" It loads its beans based on the definition contained in an XML file. To create an XmlBeanFactory, pass a InputStream to the constructor. The resource will provide the XML to the factory. BeanFactory factory = new XmlBeanFactory(new FileInputStream("myBean.xml"));
This line tells the bean factory to read the bean definition from the XML file. The bean definition includes the description of beans and their properties. But the bean factory doesn't instantiate the bean yet. To retrieve a bean from a 'BeanFactory', the getBean() method is called. When getBean() method is called, factory will instantiate the bean and begin setting the bean's properties using dependency injection. myBean bean1 = (myBean)factory.getBean("myBean");
Q. Explain the role of ApplicationContext in spring.
A. While Bean Factory is used for simple applications, the Application Context is spring's more advanced container. Like 'BeanFactory' it can be used to load bean definitions, wire beans together and dispense beans upon request. It also provide
1) a means for resolving text messages, including support for internationalization.
2) a generic way to load file resources.
3) events to beans that are registered as listeners.
Because of additional functionality, 'Application Context' is preferred over a BeanFactory. Only when the resource is scarce like mobile devices, 'BeanFactory' is used. The three commonly used implementation of 'Application Context' are
1. ClassPathXmlApplicationContext : It Loads context definition from an XML file located in the classpath, treating context definitions as classpath resources. The application context is loaded from the application's classpath by using the code
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
2. FileSystemXmlApplicationContext : It loads context definition from an XML file in the filesystem. The application context is loaded from the file system by using the code
ApplicationContext context = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
3. XmlWebApplicationContext : It loads context definition from an XML file contained within a web application.
Q. How does Spring supports DAO in hibernate?
A. Spring’s HibernateDaoSupport class is a convenient super class for Hibernate DAOs. It has handy methods you can call to get a Hibernate Session, or a SessionFactory. The most convenient method is getHibernateTemplate(), which returns a HibernateTemplate. This template wraps Hibernate checked exceptions with runtime exceptions, allowing your DAO interfaces to be Hibernate exception-free.
Example:
public class UserDAOHibernate extends HibernateDaoSupport {
public User getUser(Long id) {
return (User) getHibernateTemplate().get(User.class, id);
}
public void saveUser(User user) {
getHibernateTemplate().saveOrUpdate(user);
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(“userId set to: “ + user.getID());
}
}
public void removeUser(Long id) {
Object user = getHibernateTemplate().load(User.class, id);
getHibernateTemplate().delete(user);
}
}
Q. What are the id generator classes in hibernate?
A: increment: It generates identifiers of type long, short or int that are unique only when no other process is inserting data into the same table. It should not the used in the clustered environment.
identity: It supports identity columns in DB2, MySQL, MS SQL Server, Sybase and HypersonicSQL. The returned identifier is of type long, short or int.
sequence: The sequence generator uses a sequence in DB2, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SAP DB, McKoi or a generator in Interbase. The returned identifier is of type long, short or int
hilo: The hilo generator uses a hi/lo algorithm to efficiently generate identifiers of type long, short or int, given a table and column (by default hibernate_unique_key and next_hi respectively) as a source of hi values. The hi/lo algorithm generates identifiers that are unique only for a particular database. Do not use this generator with connections enlisted with JTA or with a user-supplied connection.
seqhilo: The seqhilo generator uses a hi/lo algorithm to efficiently generate identifiers of type long, short or int, given a named database sequence.
uuid: The uuid generator uses a 128-bit UUID algorithm to generate identifiers of type string, unique within a network (the IP address is used). The UUID is encoded as a string of hexadecimal digits of length 32.
guid: It uses a database-generated GUID string on MS SQL Server and MySQL.
native: It picks identity, sequence or hilo depending upon the capabilities of the underlying database.
assigned: lets the application to assign an identifier to the object before save() is called. This is the default strategy if no
select: retrieves a primary key assigned by a database trigger by selecting the row by some unique key and retrieving the primary key value.
foreign: uses the identifier of another associated object. Usually used in conjunction with a
Q. How is a typical spring implementation look like?
A. For a typical Spring Application we need the following files
1. An interface that defines the functions.
2. An Implementation that contains properties, its setter and getter methods, functions etc.,
3. A XML file called Spring configuration file.
4. Client program that uses the function.
Q. How do you define hibernate mapping file in spring?
A. Add the hibernate mapping file entry in mapping resource inside Spring’s applicationContext.xml file in the web/WEB-INF directory.
Q. How do you configure spring in a web application?
A. It is very easy to configure any J2EE-based web application to use Spring. At the very least, you can simply add Spring’s ContextLoaderListener to your web.xml file:
Q. Can you have xyz.xml file instead of applicationcontext.xml?
A. ContextLoaderListener is a ServletContextListener that initializes when your webapp starts up. By default, it looks for Spring’s configuration file at WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml. You can change this default value by specifying a
Q. How do you configure your database driver in spring?
A. Using datasource "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource". Example:
Q. How can you configure JNDI instead of datasource in spring applicationcontext.xml?
A. Using "org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean". Example:
Q. What are the key benifits of Hibernate?
A: These are the key benifits of Hibernate:
* Transparent persistence based on POJOs without byte code processing
* Powerful object-oriented hibernate query language
* Descriptive O/R Mapping through mapping file.
* Automatic primary key generation
* Hibernate cache : Session Level, Query and Second level cache.
* Performance: Lazy initialization, Outer join fetching, Batch fetching
Q. What is hibernate session and session factory? How do you configure sessionfactory in spring configuration file?
A. Hibernate Session is the main runtime interface between a Java application and Hibernate. SessionFactory allows applications to create hibernate session by reading hibernate configurations file hibernate.cfg.xml.
// Initialize the Hibernate environment
Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
// Create the session factory
SessionFactory factory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
// Obtain the new session object
Session session = factory.openSession();
The call to Configuration().configure() loads the hibernate.cfg.xml configuration file and initializes the Hibernate environment. Once the configuration is initialized, you can make any additional modifications you desire programmatically. However, you must make these modifications prior to creating the SessionFactory instance. An instance of SessionFactory is typically created once and used to create all sessions related to a given context.
The main function of the Session is to offer create, read and delete operations for instances of mapped entity classes. Instances may exist in one of three states:
transient: never persistent, not associated with any Session
persistent: associated with a unique Session
detached: previously persistent, not associated with any Session
A Hibernate Session object represents a single unit-of-work for a given data store and is opened by a SessionFactory instance. You must close Sessions when all work for a transaction is completed. The following illustrates a typical Hibernate session:
Session session = null;
UserInfo user = null;
Transaction tx = null;
try {
session = factory.openSession();
tx = session.beginTransaction();
user = (UserInfo)session.load(UserInfo.class, id);
tx.commit();
} catch(Exception e) {
if (tx != null) {
try {
tx.rollback();
} catch (HibernateException e1) {
throw new DAOException(e1.toString()); }
} throw new DAOException(e.toString());
} finally {
if (session != null) {
try {
session.close();
} catch (HibernateException e) { }
}
}
Q. What is the difference between hibernate get and load methods?
A. The load() method is older; get() was added to Hibernate’s API due to user request. The difference is trivial:
The following Hibernate code snippet retrieves a User object from the database: User user = (User) session.get(User.class, userID);
The get() method is special because the identifier uniquely identifies a single instance of a class. Hence it’s common for applications to use the identifier as a convenient handle to a persistent object. Retrieval by identifier can use the cache when retrieving an object, avoiding a database hit if the object is already cached.
Hibernate also provides a load() method: User user = (User) session.load(User.class, userID);
If load() can’t find the object in the cache or database, an exception is thrown. The load() method never returns null. The get() method returns
null if the object can’t be found. The load() method may return a proxy instead of a real persistent instance. A proxy is a placeholder instance of a runtime-generated subclass (through cglib or Javassist) of a mapped persistent class, it can initialize itself if any method is called that is not the mapped database identifier getter-method. On the other hand, get() never returns a proxy. Choosing between get() and load() is easy: If you’re certain the persistent object exists, and nonexistence would be considered exceptional, load() is a good option. If you aren’t certain there is a persistent instance with the given
identifier, use get() and test the return value to see if it’s null. Using load() has a further implication: The application may retrieve a valid reference (a proxy) to a
persistent instance without hitting the database to retrieve its persistent state. So load() might not throw an exception when it doesn’t find the persistent object
in the cache or database; the exception would be thrown later, when the proxy is accessed.
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